DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Recent evidence from a prospective randomized trial of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor vildagliptin added to metformin treatment in T2D patients led to significant reductions in IL-1β levels, in addition to the lowering of HbA1c and hsCRP levels (Younis et al., 2017).