PTEN and central nervous system cancer: Taking advantage of NSC-specific genetic tools such as hGFAP-Cre, Nestin-Cre, or Nestin-CreER, Parada and his colleagues showed that mouse NSCs are capable of transforming into high-grade gliomas after the loss of Trp53, NF1 and/or PTEN (Zhu et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2012; Alcantara Llaguno et al., 2015).