Recently, impairment of insulin signaling has been found to increase the risk of AD (Craft et al., 2012; Talbot et al., 2012; Hölscher, 2014) and PD (Morris et al., 2008; Bosco et al., 2012; Ashraghi et al., 2016; Pang et al., 2016). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Alzheimer disease.