Our invitro data are supported by the ex vivo study on HCC patient samples, where we haveshown that galunisertib effectively reduces the expression of TGFβ1 in responders, but not in non-responder patients.Moreover, we have shown that galunisertib efficiently reduced the expression ofstemness genes in responders. Here, TGFB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.