Abnormal levels of phosphorylated proteins belonging to the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MS patients have been associated with a number of clinically relevant phenotypes, including the development of clinically definite MS in individuals presenting a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) [11], the development of flares [12], and high titers of neutralizing antibodies against interferon beta (IFN-β) [12–14]. The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is Down syndrome.