When compared to responders, non-responders had higher rates of hepatic failure (19.3 vs. 14.3%; P = 0.04), lower MAP values (65 ± 12 vs. 69 ± 12 mmHg; P < 0.001) and higher lactate concentrations (5.4 ± 4.8 vs. 4.0 ± 3.6 mmol/L; P < 0.001) at AVP initiation. Here, AVP is linked to liver failure.