39, 40, 41. In addition, Aβ reportedly causes nitrosative stress in neuronal cells, in which inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) produces reactive nitrogen species such as NO and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) 42, 43, 44. The consequent oxidative and/or nitrosative stress contributes to neuronal damage and leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products, advanced lipid peroxidation end products, and oxidized nucleic acids in Alzheimer's disease 38, 40, 45. Here, NOS2 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.