HGF and infection: As various MOIs of rAd-HGF induced significantly different effects on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs, with the highest levels were observed at MOI = 250, and in the osteogenic differentiation medium, the level of secreted HGF by hBMSCs infected with rAd-HGF was significantly higher than that by cells infected with rAd-Ctrl only at MOI = 250, but not at MOI = 50, as indicated by the results of ELISA (Figure 4A), the impacts of signaling pathways on proliferation and osteogenesis of hBMSCs were evaluated with rAd-HGF infection at this MOI.