In normal subjects, the nuclear to cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio of SIRT1 were CSE dose-dependently increased, however SIRT1 nuclear shuttling seemed to be impaired in those from COPD subjects (Fig 5D and 5E), which were significant compared with the healthy subjects at higher than 10% CSE (Fig 5D and 5E). The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.