XBP1 and hydrops fetalis: Atf4, Bip, Total Xbp1, and sXbp1/Total Xbp1 ratio were all upregulated significantly (p values < 0.05) in VAT-HF than in VAT-LF, while Chop and Atf6 did not show any significant change but were trending with p values of 0.052 and 0.938, respectively (Figure 5A).