It has been shown in db/db mice, (a model of insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity), that maximal Aktser473 phosphorylation was decreased by 32% in skeletal muscle, which corresponded with a significant decrease in maximal Akt kinase activity51 and muscle cells from diabetic patients were insulin defective and this was associated with reduced PAktser473 52. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.