HSPG2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To test whether RAF1 is indispensable for CASZ1 to inactivate the MAPK/ERK signaling and inhibit HCC progression, we transfected the RAF1 ectopic expression plasmid into HCCLM3CASZ1 cells, and RAF1-shRNA into PLC/PRF5shCASZ1 cells.