In our previous study, we proposed a novel method of uniform-score gene-set analysis (USGSA) that uses hypergeometric exact test statistic for GWAS-based pathway identification, and analysis of diabetes GWAS showed that seven gene sets are associated with diabetes traits and pathway member genes share common binding motifs for transcription factors (TFs) of FOXO4, NFAT, TCF3, VSX1 and POU2F1 and microRNA of MIR-218 (Mei et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene TCF3 and diabetes mellitus.