While Tai et al. showed that tolDCs (prepared without final activation) in the presence of GM-CSF in combination with IL-10, but not IL-4, prevented diabetes in NOD mice (12), two other studies documented that antigen-nonspecific tolDCs prepared in GM-CSF + IL-4 (without final activation) prevented diabetes in NOD recipients (8, 9). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.