Using gene-deficient mice or neutralizing antibodies it was shown that the sequential production of IFN-γ by NK, NKT, as well as CD8+ and CD4+ T cells during the early stage of trypanosome infection seems to be crucial to initiate acute inflammation-associated anemia (70), also termed consumptive anemia (71, 72) (see Figure 2, left panel). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and anemia.