In NLRP3 knockout mice, elimination of NLRP3 ameliorated obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance (Vandanmagsar et al., 2011), and caspase-1 knockout mice also improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity than wild-type mice after feeding a high-fat diet (Stienstra et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.