TGFB1 and diabetic cardiomyopathy: Curcumin could regulate the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway and NOX expression in diabetic cardiomyopathy and ameliorate cardiac fibrosis(Yu et al., 2012); t the anti-fibrotic mechanism is associated with the inhibition of collagen type I and III synthesis and TGF-β1/Smad signaling (Guo et al., 2017).