Local intracerebral or intraventricular injections of viral vectors carrying various genes encoding neurotrophic factors [BDNF, CNTF, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL), heat shock proteins (Hsp25, Hsp70), and anti-inflammatory molecules (IL-1RA) have been evaluated for the treatment of ischemic stroke (Craig and Housley, 2016; Rhim and Lee, 2016). This evidence concerns the gene GDNF and ischemic stroke.