ABCD1 and neurodegenerative disease: Recently, to treat X-linked adreno-leuko-dystrophy (a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations of the ABCD1 gene encoding an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter localized in the membrane of peroxisomes in oligodendrocytes and microglia), the autologous CD34 positive cells infected with lentiviral vector encoding wild-type ABCD1 were reinfused to stop progressive cerebral demyelination in patients (Cartier et al., 2009).