TH and Parkinson disease: Parkinson’s disease pathology is characterized by a phenotypic loss of TH preceding the death of nigral neurons (Kastner et al., 1993, 1994; Kordower et al., 2013), a significant inflammatory response involving microgliosis, neuronal MHC-1 expression, and infiltration of peripheral leukocytes to the brain (McGeer et al., 1988a, b; Croisier et al., 2005; Orr et al., 2005; Ouchi et al., 2005; Cebrián et al., 2014b).