ALK up-regulation has been described in tumors that occasionally harbor ALK-chromosomal translocations, such as NSCLC, rhabdomyosarcoma, breast and ovarian cancer and also reported in neoplasms usually not associated with ALK fusions, such as melanoma, retinoblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma and neuronal tumors (i.e., glioblastoma, astrocytoma) [4] (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.