The transcription factors nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and activator protein (AP)-1 are key to this first line of the innate immune response and stimulate the synthesis of IFNs, cytokines and chemokines in response to sensing infection [90]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is infection.