Recently, it has been reported [129] that downregulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3α (IDH3α) expression by TGF-β (or PDGF) signaling is a pivotal event in metabolic reprogramming of CAFs triggering a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in these cells, a metabolic change strongly favoring tumor growth; of note, the decreased enzyme expression accompanied fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.