A number of DQA1 residues were strongly associated with T1D; Y11, R55, I66 and L69 (p = 4.2x10-9, OR 11) and the previously reported R56 and V76 (p = 1.6x10-15, OR 6.8 (S7 Table). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DQA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.