PGF and pulmonary edema: In the adjusted regression model, both 25(OH)D concentration and the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT)/PlGF ratio at the beginning of the second trimester were identified as significant predictors of severe PE, for which women experienced pulmonary oedema, seizures, oliguria, or symptoms of hepatic or cerebral dysfunction, in addition to elevated blood pressure and proteinuria.