This discrepancy could be explained by the fact that TNFα exerts its anti-tumor effects in vivo via the death receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway, like TRAIL, but also via its anti-angiogenic effects, that are critical for its anti-cancer activity (Mocellin et al., 2005; Mahalingam et al., 2009). The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is neoplasm.