INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Type-I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex chronic metabolic disorder affecting children and young adolescents.1 The management of T1DM is complex and involves multiple daily insulin injections with frequent monitoring of blood glucose, dietary restrictions with carbohydrate counting and a physically active lifestyle.2 Studies have demonstrated that this strict regimen with good glycemic control may prevent or delay various complications associated with T1DM.3