Celastrol also inhibits cancer growth by activating TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway (Kang et al., 2013), inhibiting the mTOR/ribosomal protein S6 kinase/eIF4E/AKT and ERK signaling pathway, and down-regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) (Ma et al., 2014). Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.