We then assessed whether NesTiso caging affected the spontaneous intestinal disease phenotype in SAMP mice, and found no effects on the natural three-dimensional occurrence of Crohn’s disease–like ileitis (cobblestones)26 lesions in GF-SAMP mice, GF-SAMP survival (five-month), or the SAMP body weight (three-month) after transplantation with normal human fecal microbiota (Fig. 2c–e and Supplementary Fig. 5)46. This evidence concerns the gene XPNPEP1 and Crohn ileitis.