Particularly, phosphorylation of the IP3R is a critical factor: Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) suppresses IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release through phosphorylation78, while tumor suppressors PTEN (direct dephosphorylation of IP3R)57 and PML (indirect dephosphorylation via sequestration of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and subsequent Akt/PKB inhibition)56 counteract this. Here, ITPR1 is linked to neoplasm.