In the B16 melanoma subcutaneous tumor model, CQ treatment consistently upregulated iNOS, while downregulating Arg1 in melanoma-infiltrating macrophages (Fig. 3h), concomitant with the increased expression of IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-12p35, and TNF-α, and downregulation of IL-10 in tumor tissues (Fig. 3i). This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and melanoma.