PHLDA1 and cancer: The potential for PHLDA1 as a prognostic factor in cancer appears to be context specific, as high expression is associated with poor prognosis in ER+ breast cancers (Kastrati et al., 2014), and contributes to intestinal and pancreatic tumorigenesis (Oberg et al., 2004, Sakthianandeswaren et al., 2011), while low expression is a poor indicator in ER– cancers (Johnson et al., 2011, Nagai et al., 2007), and is linked with cancer progression in melanoma (Neef et al., 2002) and gastric adenocarcinoma (Zhao et al., 2015).