The likelihood of having abdominal obesity was higher in participants with stage 3a CKD than in participants without CKD (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.49), with lower education, perceived fair and poor/very poor health status, comorbidities (i.e., ischemic heart disease, HTN, and DM), increased SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, Hb level, or FBG, or who lived in a rural area. Here, GSTM1 is linked to Abdominal obesity.