APOA1 and diabetes mellitus: History of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, physical activity, apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA1 ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, psychosocial factors, smoking, and diet are all known modifiable risk factors of CVD that account for 90% PAR (Population attributable risk) for both coronary heart diseases and stroke [32, 33].