SPRY4 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: For example, some studies have shown that SPRY4-IT1 was up-regulated in a variety of human cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [11], renal cancer [12], breast cancer [13], gastric cancer [14], bladder cancer [15], and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) [16].