Treatment with CRF1 antagonist has shown mixed clinical results with no effect on stooling symptoms in diarrhea-predominant IBS patients (Sweetser et al., 2009), but a positive impact on significantly reducing the blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the hypothalamus in IBS patients (with average or high levels of anxiety) during the expectation of abdominal pain (Hubbard et al., 2011). Here, CRHR1 is linked to irritable bowel syndrome.