NRF1 and NRF2 are key transcription factors that control proteasome gene expression in cells upon binding to Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)-bearing promoters [25–27]; accordingly, we observed reduced expression of proteasome-associated genes in MM cells transfected with NRF1 and NRF2 siRNAs (Supplementary Fig.S6a-b), and corresponding decrease of MM cell viability (Supplementary Fig.S6c). Here, NRF1 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.