For example, our immuno-fluorescence confocal microscopy results (Fig. 2) indicate a progressive decrease of co-localization of Mdm2 and NS1 during the time course of infection, in correlation with the stabilization of Mdm2 observed at late stages of infection (Figs 1 and 3), which suggests that NS1 contribution to Mdm2 degradation could occur in the nuclear compartment of infected cells. This evidence concerns the gene MDM2 and infection.