Furthermore, it was shown that nilotinib can induce an increase in ERK activity in CML CD34+ cells (Konig et al., 2008b); however, the detailed mechanism by which MEK‐ERK activation occurs in CML stem cells upon exposure to TKI remains to be elucidated. The gene discussed is MAPK1; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.