IL10 and colitis: For example, several genes involved in IL‐10 signalling (the anti‐inflammatory cytokine which when deleted leads to colitis in animal models) lie near to GWAS hits, including IL10, IL10RB, STAT3 and TYK2. 11, 62 Although the functional consequences of these SNPs have not been determined, the notion that IL‐10 signalling may be defective in IBD is supported by other genetic studies.