CD274 and lung carcinoma: Relatedly, tumor expression of PD-L1 has recently been proposed as a predictive biomarker; however, given the manifold patterns of tumor microenvironments in terms of the abundance, constitution, and spatial distribution of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, it is comprehensible that this marker only partially captures the dynamic picture of immune anergy during the development of NSCLCs, which is suggested by a number of studies showing that the prognostic value of PD-L1 in lung cancer is inconsistent (5–8).