To systemically clarify the effects of HIF1α in the polarization of pro-inflammatory macrophages during different pathogenic microorganism infections, we selected two kinds of pathogens, L. monocytogenes, a classical gram-positive bacterium, and C. albicans, a classical fungal organism, and observed the alteration of macrophage polarization following in vitro and in vivo challenge. Here, HIF1A is linked to infection.