In terms of leptin, the highest expression was observed in PAT from both groups, which was significantly higher than that in SAT or EAT (AF PAT vs. SAT, 3.98 ± 2.12 vs. 1.60 ± 0.93, P < 0.001; AF PAT vs. EAT, 3.98 ± 2.12 vs. 2.43 ± 1.34, P = 0.020; SR PAT vs. SAT, 2.93 ± 1.99 vs. 1.88 ± 1.34, P = 0.068; SR PAT vs. EAT, 2.93 ± 1.99 vs. 0.98 ± 0.52, P < 0.001). The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is atrial fibrillation.