CREB1 and myocardial ischemia: Interestingly, and consistent with the present findings from myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, this study revealed that AREG induction was independent of the classic transcriptional response mediated via HIF1-alpha, but rather indicated an evolutionarily conserved cAMP response element (CRE) that constitutively binds the CRE binding protein (CREB) in AREG induction during hypoxia23.