Furthermore, consistent with the findings in our adaptive BTZ-resistant myeloma cell lines, TXN expression demonstrated a trend for elevation in CD138+ myeloma cells after treatment with bortezomib or being refractory to bortezomib (Fig. 7d) TNX expression has no notable difference in CD138− non-myelomatous cells among new diagnosed, treated, and refractory myeloma patients (Fig. 7e). Here, TNXB is linked to plasma cell myeloma.