Moreover, in MIF-deficient human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the initial steps of atherosclerosis, such as the binding of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells to their specific ligands on mononuclear cells, or monocytes in circulation rolling and attaching to the vascular wall, were be accomplished due to a lack of extracellular MIF [15–17]. Here, MIF is linked to atherosclerosis.