NOS3 and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: This preliminary study showed that transplantation of autologous EPC may be beneficial in patients with iPAH.104 The same type of study has been carried out in children with iPAH, and the outcome was similar: intravenous infusion of autologous EPC was feasible and associated with improvements in exercise capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics.105 The PHACeT trial aimed to evaluate the safety of injecting EPC transfected with eNOS in PAH patients who were refractory to PAH-specific therapies.