NOX1 and hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm: Recent Advances: In the current review, we have summarized the main signaling cascades inducing NADPH oxidase NOX1–5 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1–3 expression and their connection to cell proliferation, immortalization, transformation, and CD34+ cell differentiation in thyroid, colon, lung, breast, and hematological cancers.