Other signaling routes that upregulate and activate NOX5 are initiated by acid conditions or the IL-2 inflammatory cytokines, which activate the PAF-MEK-ERK-cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-JAK-STAT5-NOX5α/ɛ cascade in Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma cells and in human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transformed adult T cell leukemia cells (328, 331). Here, PLA2G4A is linked to esophageal adenocarcinoma.