Quantification of the scar fraction (Fig. 3B) confirmed that only controlled VEGF delivery (SPEC) could significantly reduce fibrosis (11 ± 5%) compared to all other groups (PBS = 27 ± 6%; ALL = 22 ± 3%; CD8 = 21 ± 3%), which were not statistically different from each other. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.