SOCS1 and infection: This data highlights the importance of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in H5N1 virus-induced innate immune response, suggesting a possible relationship between hyper-induction of these negative regulators of IFN signaling in the initial rounds of virus replication, with a concomitant decreased expression in antiviral genes leading to an increase in viral load at the later stage of infection that could contribute to the pathogenesis of H5N1 virus infection.