Genetic or phenotypic SP-D variation is associated with ALI/ARDS (289–293), lung injury in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients (294), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)/bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (233, 234, 295), community-acquired pneumonia (227, 296), viral infection (297–300), asthma (19, 242), lung cancer (178, 301, 302), pulmonary aspergillosis (281), interstitial lung disease (15, 288, 303–305), and COPD (215, 224, 280). This evidence concerns the gene SFTPD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.